EOF/PCA诊断气象变量场问题的新探讨   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

丁裕国  梁建茵  刘吉峰 《大气科学》2005,29(2):307-313

进一步论证了经验正交函数/主分量分析(EOF/PCA)在气象变量场诊断中的物理内涵,证明基于EOF/PCA的R型和Q型展开,可描述为气象变量场主要振荡型分解和主要空间分布型分解两种方案.前者表明,气象变量场的准周期振荡可分解为各主分量的周期振荡,它们各自等价于不同网格点(或站点)以其载荷为权重的迭加周期振荡,因此,气象变量场准周期振荡可视为来自不同周期源(网格点或站点)的准周期振荡逐层叠加的结果;后者表明,气象变量场的水平空间分布可视为各种主要空间分布型的叠加,而Q型展开才是对各种主要空间分布型的正交分解.由此深化了EOF/PCA气象变量场诊断的物理内涵.  相似文献   

西太平洋暖池对流三类显著月际变化及其成因     

薛峰  范方兴  苏同华 《气候与环境研究》2020,25(2):113-124

基于1979～2018年观测的向外长波辐射（outgoing longwave radiation, OLR）资料和其他多种再分析资料,发现西太平洋暖池对流存在3类显著的月际变化。第一类为OLR在6月和8月为负异常而7月为正异常;第二类与第一类完全相反;第三类为OLR在6～7月为正异常,8月为负异常。3类月际变化与ENSO循环的背景有关,前两类发生在较弱的La Ni?a年和El Ni?o发展年,与春季暖池海温异常有关。当前一个月海温偏高时,后一个月对流偏强,造成局地海温降低,偏低的海温又反过来抑制了后一个月的对流发展,因此暖池地区局地海气相互作用在这两类月际变化中起到关键作用。与前两类不同的是,第三类月际变化发生在El Ni?o衰减年,与春季热带印度洋海温偏高有关。热带印度洋海温偏高造成印度附近对流在6～7月间增强,通过东传Kelvin波抑制了暖池对流发展。同时,印度附近对流偏强造成8月印度洋海温降低和对流减弱,对暖池对流的影响因而减弱。另一方面,6～7月暖池对流偏弱造成8月暖池海温升高,结果造成暖池对流增强。因此,第三类月际变化受到热带印度洋强迫以及暖池地区局地海气相互作用的共同影响。  相似文献   

层结背景下热液柱演化的实验模拟     

屈玲  郭双喜  鲁远征  岑显荣  周生启 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(6):1426-1434

为了研究洋中脊处海底烟囱喷出的热液柱的动力学特征以及其与周围海水之间的关系,在实验室内对热液柱的演化过程进行了实验模拟研究。在实验设计中,采用底部点源提供热通量的方法触发热液柱,使用粒子图像测速技术(Particle Image Velocimetry——PIV)获取速度信息,高灵敏度热敏探头采集温度信息。通过瞬时速度场分析热液柱的运动特征以及其与周围层结背景环境之间的卷挟过程。实验表明,层结的背景环境阻碍了热液柱的垂向上升以及水平延伸。层结的背景条件下,在热液柱发展演化的整个过程中,其呈现出明显的振荡特征,且振荡频率(0.10—0.35rad/s)与背景环境的浮力频率(0.20—0.30rad/s)数值相当。热液柱与周围纯水之间存在强混合,发现在热液柱的热源处和顶部的混合最为强烈,中性浮力层高度以下是热液柱与周围纯水混合的主要区域,混合强度以卷挟系数α表征,α值从–0.30到0.13之间变化,大致随着高度的增加而减小。通过瞬时速度场分析得到热液柱的湍流耗散率ε,发现在垂直方向上,其"颈部"的耗散最强,沿水平方向上,其中心处的耗散最大,向四周逐渐递减,呈现高斯分布。  相似文献   

Experimental Study on Flow past A Rotationally Oscillating Cylinder     

GAO Yang-yang  YIN Chang-shan  YANG Kang  ZHAO Xi-zeng  TAN Soon Keat 《海洋工程》2017,31(4):495-503

A series of experiments was carried out to study the flow behaviour behind a rotationally oscillating cylinder at a low Reynolds number (Re=300) placed in a recirculation water channel. A stepper motor was used to rotate the cylinder clockwise- and- counterclockwise about its longitudinal axis at selected frequencies. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to capture the flow field behind a rotationally oscillating cylinder. Instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields such as the vorticity contours, streamline topologies and velocity distributions were analyzed. The effects of four rotation angle and frequency ratios F_r (F_r=f_n/f_v, the ratio of the forcing frequency f_n to the natural vortex shedding frequency f_v) on the wake in the lee of a rotationally oscillating cylinder were also examined. The significant wake modification was observed when the cylinder undergoes clockwise-and-counterclockwise motion with amplitude of π, especially in the range of 0.6≤F_r≤1.0.  相似文献   

3D Effects on Vortex-Shedding Flow and Hydrodynamic Coefficients of A Vertically Oscillating Cylinder with A Bottom-Attached Disk     

WANG Quan  KOU Yu-feng  ZHU Ren-qing  CHEN Hong 《海洋工程》2017,31(4):428-437

Vortex-shedding flow induced by the vertical oscillation of a cylinder with bottom-attached disks of different diameter ratio D_d/D_c and thickness ratio t_d/D_c is studied by a 3D (three-dimensional) numerical model developed in this paper, and compared with the results obtained through 2D (two-dimensional) numerical model. The high-order upwind scheme is applied to stabilize the computation, and convergence is accelerated by the multi-grid method. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the differences between the 2D and 3D simulation results reveal the 3D effect on the flow field characteristics and hydrodynamic coefficients of the vertically oscillating cylinder with a bottom-attached disk. The 3D effect on the fluid field is mainly reflected in the significance of three vortex-shedding patterns: ω_x has a greater effect on the flow fields around the sharp edges relative to the vortices generated in the 2D simulation. In the slice along the axial orientation, the vortex effect of ω_y along the radial axis is smaller than that of ω_x along the circumferential direction, indicating the radial effect on the velocity more pronounced than the circumferential effect around the sharp edges of the disk. The rotational interaction ω_z of the fluid in the horizontal plane during the heave motion is insignificant. Based on the 2D and 3D simulation results, the turning points that separate the increasing regimes of the added mass coefficient and damping ratio are identified. The dependence of the turning point on the diameter ratio D_d/D_c and thickness ratio t_d/D_c are discussed in detail.  相似文献   

Nutrient Dynamics During Flood Events in Tropical Catchments: A Case Study in Southern Vietnam          下载免费PDF全文

Nguyen Hong Quan  Günter Meon 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(5):652-661

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Recent Sea Level and Sea Surface Temperature Trends Along the Bangladesh Coast in Relation to the Frequency of Intense Cyclones     

Tariq Masood Ali Khan  O. P. Singh  Md. Sazedur Rahman 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):103-116

The French Transportable Laser Ranging System (FTLRS) was deployed in the calibration site of satellite radar altimeters in Corsica over the 2002 and 2005 campaigns. The paper describes the different steps of SLR data processing. The average arcs RMS obtained are about 1–2 cm for Lageos-1&;-2, Starlette and Stella satellites; it is shown that the best results of satellite orbits determination and geocentric positioning are obtained with Eigen-Grace03s gravity model. The difference of FTLRS absolute 3D positioning, between 2002 and 2005, of about 7.7 mm (i.e., 2.6 mm/yr) is less than residual errors of ITRF2005 velocities (of about 4.3 mm/yr).  相似文献   

The Amplitude-Duration Relation of Observed El Nino Events          下载免费PDF全文

Wu Yu-Jie  DUAN Wan-Suo 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(5):367-372

The authors demonstrate that the El Ni o events in the pre-and post-1976 periods show two ampli-tude-duration relations. One is that the stronger El Ni o events have longer durations, which is robust for the moderate El Ni o events; the other is that the stronger El Ni o events have shorter durations but for strong El Nio events. By estimating the sign and amplitude of the nonlinear dynamical heating (NDH) anomalies, the authors illustrate that the NDH anomalies are negligible for moderate El Nio events but large for strong El Nio events. In particular, the large NDH anomalies for strong El Nio events are positive during the growth and mature phases, which favor warmer El Nio events. During the decay phase, however, the negative NDH anomalies start to arise and become increasingly significant with the evolution of the El Nio events, in which the negative NDH anomalies dampen the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) and cause the El Nio events to reach the SST normal state earlier. This pattern suggests that the nonlinearity tends to increase the intensities of strong El Nio events and shorten their duration, which, together with the previous results showing a positive correlation between the strength of El Nio events and the significance of the effect of nonlinear advection on the events (especially the suppression of nonlinearity on the SSTA during the decay phase), shows that the strong El Nio events tend to have the amplitude-duration relation of the stronger El Nio events with shorter durations. This result also lends support to the assertion that moderate El Nio events possess the amplitude-duration relation of stronger El Nio events with longer durations.  相似文献   

Altimetric Data Assimilation by EnOI and 3DVAR in a Tropical Pacific Model: Impact on the Simulation of Variability     

FU Weiwei 《大气科学进展》2012,29(4):823-837

When altimetric data is assimilated,3DVAR and Ensemble Optimal Interpolation(EnOI) have different ways of projecting the surface information downward.In 3DVAR,it is achieved by minimizing a cost function relating the temperature,salinity,and sea level.In EnOI,however,the surface information is propagated to other variables via a stationary ensemble.In this study,the differences between the two methods were compared and their impacts on the simulated variability were evaluated in a tropical Pacific model.Sea level anomalies(SLA) from the TOPEX/Poseidon were assimilated using both methods on data from 1997 to 2001 in a coarse resolution model.Results show that the standard deviation of sea level was improved by both methods,but the EnOI was more effective in the central/eastern Pacific.Meanwhile,the SLA evolution was better reproduced with EnOI than with 3DVAR.Correlations of temperature with the reanalysis data increased with EnOI by 0.1-0.2 above 200 m.In the eastern Pacific below 200 m,the correlations also increased by 0.2.However,the correlations decreased with 3DVAR in many areas.Correlations with the independent TAO profiles were also compared at two locations.While the correlations increased by up to 0.2 at some depths with EnOI,3DVAR generally reduced the correlations by 0.1-0.3.Though both methods were able to reduce the model-data difference in climatological sense,3DVAR appears to have degraded the simulated variability,especially during El Nin o-Southern Oscillation events.For salinity,similar results were found from the correlations.This tendency should be considered in future SLA assimilations,though the comparisons may vary among different model implementations.  相似文献   

Possible Origins of the Western Pacific Warm Pool Decadal Variability   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GAN Bolan  WU Lixin 《大气科学进展》2012,29(1):169-176

In this study,the impacts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) were investigated.Our results show that the WPWP is linked with the PDO and the AMO at multiple time scales.On the seasonal time scales,the WPWP and the PDO/AMO reinforce each other,while at decadal time scales the forcing roles of the PDO and the AMO dominate.Notably,a positive PDO tends to enlarge the WPWP at both seasonal and decadal time scales,while a positive AMO tends to reduce the WPWP at decadal time scales.Furthermore,the decadal variability of the WPWP can be well predicted based on the PDO and AMO.  相似文献